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Golf Balls -- The Science Behind The Dimples
from: Susan ChiangThe dynamics behind the flight of the golf ball offers a
fascinating insight into the physical interworkings of air
pressure, turbulence, and aerodynamics.
When golf was first played in Scotland, most players played
using clumsy golf apparatus, with the first golf clubs and golf
balls made of wood.
In 1618 the "Featherie" was introduced. It was a golf ball made
of feather. This feather golf ball was handcrafted from goose
feathers tightly pressed into a horse or cowhide sphere while
still wet. After drying, the leather shrank and the feathers
expanded, creating a hardened golf ball.
As this type of golf ball was specially handcrafted, it was
usually more expensive than golf clubs, so that only a few
privileged people could afford to play golf back then.
After the Featherie golf ball came the Guttie golf ball. This
type of golf ball was made from the rubber-like sap of the Gutta
tree found in the tropics, and was shaped into a sphere when hot
and eventually into a golf ball. As it was made of rubber, the
Guttie golf ball could be cheaply produced and easily repaired
by reheating and reshaping.
Comparing the two types of golf balls, the Featherie golf ball
was said to travel farther than the Guttie golf ball because the
Guttie golf ball's smooth surface prevented it from covering
more distance.
With this discovery, the developers of golf balls came up with
the "dimpled" golf balls that are so predominant in modern golf
nowadays.
The dimples on the golf balls help reduce the aerodynamic drag.
Aerodynamic drag normally affects smooth golf balls and slows
them down, because when they sail through the air, they leave a
pocket of low-pressure air in its stir thus creating a drag.
By applying dimples to the golf ball surface, the pressure
differential goes down and the drag force is reduced. These
dimples create turbulence in the air surrounding the golf ball,
which, in turn, forces the air to clasp the golf ball more
closely. By doing so, the air trails the warp created by the
golf ball towards the back instead of flowing past it. This
results in a smaller wake and lesser drag.
Dimples were first added onto golf ball surfaces back during the
gutta percha phase. Coburn Haskell introduced the one-piece
rubber cored golf ball encased in a gutta percha sphere. Then in
1905 William Taylor applied the dimple pattern to a Haskell golf
ball, thus giving rise to the modern golf ball as we know it
today.
After its beginning, dimpled golf balls were officially used in
every golf tournament. In 1921, the golf ball took its current
form with standard size and weight. Nowadays there is a wide
range of golf balls to fit every style, game and condition, with
some golf balls offering control, and other golf balls offering
distance.
Though a common sight nowadays, the dimpled golf ball is not
just a mere element of the sports arena; it is a showcase of
physics at work.
About the author:
For a more comprehensive look at golf and golf equipment, drop
by Susan's site Golf
Ball City. Other informative sports related articles are
available at
and Niche Weblog.
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